In Steele v.Louisville & Nashville R.R.,the petitioner was an African American locomotive fireman and employee of railroad.The Brotherhood,purporting to act as representative of the entire craft of firemen,without informing the African American firemen or giving them opportunity to be heard,served a notice on the Railroad.The notice announced the Brotherhood’s desire to amend the existing collective bargaining agreement that exclude all African American firemen from the service.In this case,the court held that non-union members have judicial remedies of: